فصلنامه اخلاق زیستی
پیاپی 14 (زمستان 1393)

Professional Ethics is a subject that is very important، so that in most professions، including the teaching profession، as well as understanding the need and importance due to the high moral standing of the profession، professional ethics require charter their own. In this regard، the present study sought to answer this question، recall that the Holy Qur''an (Nahl%89) you can conduct teachers'' reflection on the divine، the divine pattern mining in the education and training Akhlaqmnd pay? The Ethics divine teacher، the teaching professions are the most important requirements and ethical obligations? It can be used. The most important ethical principles include student assessment، using concrete examples، not subjective assessment during teaching، lack of rigor، and others. Considering each of these principles can help teachers teach very effective in achieving the goals، and humanity in their spiritual evolution then leads to knowledge.

In any culture and society، the religious and cultural values of them have a significant impact on the health، education and social policy، and therefore effect on health system and models of care that patients receive. Iranian''s rich cultural and religious root also extends to the healthcare system، and the cultural، religious and ethical issues are of the utmost importance. The aim of this study is to determine the ethical values for nurses in Islamic texts. To determine the ethical values of Islam and how to define these values، we apply analytical study consists of two stages included review of Quran interpretation and Islamic literature. Then from group discussion with expertise in Islamic philosophical an Islamic ethics we make build consensus on values obtained from the review of literature and then definition of each of them. Based on this study twelve ethical values determine and defined. These values included human dignity، work commitment، empathy، human relationship، precision and accuracy in work، confidentiality، honesty، justice، maintenance and improve competency، spirituality، responsibility، and autonomy. Ethical values obtained in this study represent the viewpoint of Islam to ethical values for nurses. Perceived and apply these values in nursing actions، not only can be improve nursing and nurses، but also can promote the nursing profession.

Ethical climate is an important component of organizational culture. Nurses’ perception of hospital ethical climate can influence their performance and attitudes related to ethical issues. The aim of this study was to determine the Nurses’ perception of hospital Ethical climate. A descriptive design was applied in this study. The sample consisted of 204 nurses who working in privative and Social Security hospitals. The Instruments used in this study included a demographic questionnaire، Hospital Ethical climate Questionnaire (HECQ). The reliability and validity of the measures were assessed. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistic through Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)، Version 16. Data analysis identified that the mean of manager dimension (mean = 3. 42±0. 66). This was followed by hospital (mean =3. 32±0. 60)، coworker (Mean = 3. 26±1. 11)، patient (mean =3. 10±0. 79)، and physician (mean = 2. 80±0. 62). Also the mean of overall ethical climate was 3. 12±0. 75. Discussion and Current research draws the ethical climate of the work environment of nurses، that the” manager climate” is dominant climate and Communication between doctor and nurses is the lowest level. since the ethical climate is an important factor in job performance and Also affect on quality of patient care، so، this study suggests that hospital leaders apply strategy with the necessary planning to promote a spirit of cooperation and interaction between the doctor and nurses.

Eugenics، as a scientific movement to improve the human population genetics by decreasing undesirable genes and increasing desirable ones، had drawn many scientific attentions since late 19th century. Toward its aim، eugenics has experienced different episodes، and sev-eral programs and practices have been approached، of which the most important yet striking one was human sterilization with economic jus-tifications، i. e. to reduce the health care medical and social costs for poor and physically or mentally handicapped patients. However، eu-genics principles were later seriously criticized from scientific، racial، and violence to human rights points of view. It is believed that today some practices are running as negative eugenics. Nowadays، criminol-ogy، sociology، criminal policy، socioeconomic policy، etc. have raised many criticisms on eugenics and related activities، of which is the patent of human genes. This article refers to a recent analysis by Daniel J. Kevles، Professor of History of Science at Yale University، which deals with historical episodes of eugenics and the transition of its concepts into modern Sciences of Molecular Biology and Biotech-nology as well as patent of human genes.

Social health is a relatively new concept، and there is no consensus over its dimensions and indicators. A reason for its attraction and its growing use in Iranian and world studies is that it provides an overview of the social conditions of the society، and can be instrumental، as an indicator and an analytic kit، for applied sociologists، social pathologists، and development strategists. In this study، after defining the main concepts، the theoretical and research literature of the subject matter in Iran and abroad will be reviewed، and a new classification of social health and its components in the form of a table will be presented. This table can serve as a comprehensive set of Social Health elements for the applied research in social studies.

Rate health of community members، particularly young، is considered one of the most important factors for sustainable development and achieve sustainable development depends on healthy communities and healthy individuals. in this context، the present paper is to determine rate young general health and the effect of social، cultural، economic capital studied on general health. Research done through survey method in 1391 and The Target Population included young people 15 to 30 years in East Azerbaijan Province that are approximately 1253187 person. of this number، 388 person were selected by multistage random cluster sampling for the study. the data collection tool was questionnaire. The reliability analysis of the questionnaire variables also shows that high reliability. also، for the analysis of data was used SPSS software version 22. the findings show that the young people have a high level of general health (71/2 of 100/0) and social capital، economic capital and cultural capital variables are positive and significant correlation with general health. by increasing the rate of capital will improve the general health of youth. In this study، no significant correlation between age and youth general health. Overall، results showed that social، economic and cultural capitals have been explained 13. 2 percent of variations in youth general health. social capital، economic capital and cultural capital determines are appropriate for the young general health. Among the multiple forms of capital، economic capital one of the most important factors is to strengthen the young general health.

Human awareness of death as an inevitable stage in life، which distinguishes him from other creatures. Perception of death among people with different cultural and social environment of the area that they live in it، time and place of occurrence of death، personal values، philosophy and practice of performance، have major differences. Since the death is inevitable and imminent human life، so how to understand، accept and consider belief about it، is one of the issues of human development. The main aim of this study is interpreting by grounded theory death and dying in society. the main techniques for gathering data، qualitative in-depth interviews with a particular style that is proportional for grounded theory. At first for gaining access to concepts and categories، informal interview approach was used. After the initial concepts and categories were signed with the general interviews، these categories and concepts in the main interview process were followed. At the end after analyzing and qualitative coding concepts main categories and core concept is drown from interviews.